Facts of the Week Archive

Preventing & Treating Excessive Shedding

Monday, June 14th, 2010

Furry CatExcessive shedding in dogs and cats is such a common thing that most people generally consider it normal for their pet to constantly shed and leave a trail of hair everywhere they go. In reality, excessive shedding is not normal and can lead to a number of problems if not treated. Fortunately, there are also simple solutions to treat and prevent excessive shedding.

First of all, let us see exactly what shedding is. Almost all dogs will shed some hair normally and naturally. Shedding is affected by, and may also be triggered by, weather changes, stress, and sometimes diet and care. Some breeds will tend to shed more than others.

Shedding caused by changes in the weather is considered normal and accounts for most shedding. Normally, most dog breeds will develop a thicker coat during the winter months, then shed that winter coat in the upcoming spring or summer months, just like many animals in the wild do. However, the shedding is excessive and unnatural if your dog is shedding year-round! Healthy coats should be tight and shiny, and fur should not fall out easily.

Now, why exactly is excessive shedding bad? In dogs, excessive shedding often leads to physically unpleasant results such as matted and tangled hair, visible hair loss such as bald spots, and a dull coat. Sometimes, if severe excessive shedding is left untreated, it can also lead to certain skin problems and disorders such as dry, itchy or flaky skin, smelly skin, dermatitis, and rashes.

Excessive shedding also causes problems for the dog owner. Owners of excessively shedding dogs often have their hands filled with messy hair every time they pet their dog, and their homes tend to be covered with a fine coat of dog hair year-round.

Most of the problems above encountered by dogs can also occur in cats. There is, however, one additional problem unique to cats with excessive shedding – hairballs.

If the cat has excessive amounts of hair to shed, it will want to lick the excess hair off. This hair then usually gets into the cat’s stomach or throat, resulting in a retching cat that coughs up smelly, sticky hairballs. So, how do you prevent or get rid of excessive shedding and hairballs, and the unpleasant problems that can result for both owner and pet?

First, one of the nicest things you can do for your cat or dog is to brush or comb its fur on a regular basis using a pet rake or slicker brush. This is helpful if you want to keep excess hair and matting from bothering you and your pet. A bonus advantage is that most pets also enjoy being brushed. Regular brushing , up to once-a-day, is good for the hair coat and will remove those hairs that would normally fall out.

It is certainly better and easier to have the hairs come out on the brush than around the house. If you bath your pet, do not use human shampoos because they can cause hypersensitivity reactions that include excessive shedding. Bathing too frequently can also dry out the hair coat and cause excessive shedding, so do not bath your pet too often.

Secondly, as mentioned earlier, diet is very important to the health of your pet’s skin and hair, and is a factor that can affect shedding.

Always make sure that you feed your pet a complete and balanced diet. Some companies provide special pet products that you can add to your pet’s food to help prevent excess shedding. Allen’s Shed-Stop and Lambert Kay Shed Relief are just two of these helpful products. Science Diet, Nutro, and Iams pet food companies also make foods to help the skin and coat of dogs and foods to help with hairballs and shedding in cats.

As you can see, proper nutrition and a bit of regular hair care can turn a constantly shedding coat into a tight, shiny coat that will not fill your hand with messy hair every time you pet your cat or dog. You will also have less mess and hair around your home, and you will have a happier and healthier pet!

Responsible Pet Keeping

Monday, June 7th, 2010

Little DogSpaying or neutering your dog or cat is good for your pet’s health, for you as a caring pet owner and for your community. Spaying and neutering is recommended for all pets not intended for breeding.

The procedure has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of many animal diseases and cancers, as well as prevent many kinds of undesirable pet behaviors.

Below are some of the health and behavior benefits both you and your pet will receive after spaying and neutering.

Health benefits:

  • Spaying female dogs and cats generally eliminates the possibility of developing uterine or ovarian infections and cancers, and also greatly reduces the threat of mammary cancer.
  • Neutering of males reduces the likelihood of prostate disease or cancer, and eliminates the risk of testicular cancer.

Behavioral benefits:

  • Spaying females eliminates the irritability, aggressiveness, nervous whining, yowling and pacing behavior normally associated with the animal heat cycle which can often last many months during a year.
  • Neutering male cats greatly reduces or eliminates territorial marking (spraying of urine on surfaces).
  • Neutering also reduces excessive aggression in dogs and cats toward other animals. Thus, neutered dogs and cats will have a lower desire to fight others, resulting in fewer bite and scratch wounds and lessening the spread of contagious diseases.
  • Male dogs and cats tend to stay home more after neutering because they no longer wander in search of a mate or for other males to fight with. Naturally, the risk of injury from traffic accidents or from fights with other animals is also lowered greatly.
  • Because spayed and neutered pets are less aggressive and irritable, they are more likely to adapt to human households and turn their attention and affection towards their owners.

Grey and White KittenMillions of unwanted kittens and puppies are born in the U.S. every year because of pet owners who do not spay and neuter their pets. According to a national survey, most of the unwanted offspring – about 7 million cats and dogs – are euthanized in U.S. shelters each year. It takes your tax dollars to pay for the rising costs of animal control and animal sheltering programs, and to round up, house, euthanize, and dispose of unwanted, homeless animals. Spaying and neutering prevents unexpected or unwanted reproduction. Do your part to help end of cycle of death and destruction of homeless puppies and kittens.

Spaying and neutering is a one-time procedure with a one-time cost, but it is a relatively small cost when compared to all the benefits. The operation is performed under general anesthesia by a doctor of veterinary medicine and the procedure itself is not felt by the patient. There may be mild discomfort after the surgery, but most animals return to normal activity within 24 to 72 hours. The minimal and brief discomfort that may be experienced by some dogs and cats that are spayed or neutered can be easily lessened with post-operative pain medications. It is always best to spay dogs and cats while they are young and healthy. Many of the behavior benefits are also more noticeable if done at an early age.

Besides spaying and neutering to ensure that your pet is not responsible for unplanned or unwanted offspring and other problems, being a responsible pet owner means:

  • Feeding your pet good food as well as developing healthy feeding habits. Also ensure a clean and adequate water supply.
  • Learning about and providing overall good pet care.
  • Establishing an ongoing relationship with a veterinarian.
  • Vaccinating your pet against disease. Many serious pet diseases can be prevented by vaccination.
  • Complying with local laws regarding licensing, roaming, leashes, etc.
  • Taking precautions to prevent your pet from roaming free in the community. Again, spaying and neutering will help with this greatly. Just in case, still make sure to get a good collar and an accurate tag for your pet with pet’s name, your name, and at least a phone number.
  • Loving and caring for your pet. Strengthen the bond between you and your pet through training, games, and other activity. The time you spend with your pet participating in activities together helps develop a long and rewarding relationship between you two. Finally, training and games stimulate and strengthen both your pet’s mind and body and help keep it occupied and out of trouble.
  • Grooming and cleaning your pet when necessary. Remember that good hygiene helps prevent fleas, ticks, other disease-causing agents and also prevents many general diseases including the ones that can be passed between pet and owner!

Be a responsible pet owner – it benefits you, your pet and your community!

Foods To Keep Your Pet Healthy and Happy

Monday, May 31st, 2010

Doggie DinnerIt is important for your dog or cat to eat the proper food to maintain its optimal health. For pet food, there are many dog and cat foods on the market. As you might expect, most commercial pet foods are already made to be relatively nutritionally balanced. You can read and compare labels to pick the ones that are most fortified with vitamins and minerals, or those that include anti-oxidants for extra protection against diseases. Feeding your dog or cat a good pet food will help avoid adult diseases like obesity, diabetes as well as organ damage when they are older.

There are also a variety of specially designed, healthful and therapeutic pet foods and treats for helping to prevent or even cure certain pet diseases and disorders. These include tartar control dental sticks, spearmint breath bones and biscuits, anti-stress sticks, skin and coat sticks, vitamin sticks, and special sticks for older dogs. Remember also that dog chew bones are a natural and great way for maintaining the strength and cleanliness of your dog teeth, as well as being entertainment and stress relief for your dog. Nylon or real raw bones are excellent whether in flavored or non-flavored versions, but do not use chicken or other poultry bone as they can choke your dog.

The other great thing about treats is that dogs and cats love treats, and treats are one of the most effective methods for helping to train puppies or kittens, or even full-grown dogs and cats. You can give treats out to your pet when it does something good or right or you can just give treats when you want to give them. But just like humans, if your pet eats too many treats it may become overweight. So as a rule, treats should not exceed 10-20% of the dog’s total dietary intake.

The following is a short list of general pet foods, treats, supplements, their special functions and their makers:

  • Nutro, Iams, Eukanuba and Science Diet all make a special diet that contains glucosamine and chondroitin for healthy joints, which is especially important and helpful for large breed dogs and older dogs.
  • Iams, Nutro and Science Diet make a special diet that helps prevent cat hairballs.
  • Nutro, Eukanuba, and Science Diet all have diets for good oral care, which helps prevent plaque and tartar build up in cats and dogs.
  • Iams, Nutro and Science Diet make a special blend that helps maintain your pet’s weight at a healthy level.
  • Nylabone makes a lot of edible chew bones that contain healthy ingredients that are beneficial to your dog. For example, there is one kind of chew bone that is loaded with calcium. Other chew bones are supplemented with echinacea, glucosamine, chondroitin, St. John’s Wort, and more.
  • Liquid Health makes a supplement for dogs that contains glucosamine, chondroitin and MSM.
  • Four Paws makes a brewers yeast with garlic supplement for dogs.

Cats Exploring DinnerThere is a growing trend for people to use foods and products with all-natural ingredients that do not contain chemical preservatives or additives. Some people have found that they develop problems such as allergies and other unfavorable reactions to some of these additives. There is also no way of knowing what long term effects some of these chemical additives may have on people.

With this trend toward more healthy and natural products for people, many pet-owners are also looking to holistic and all-natural products for their pets. Pets can also develop problems from some of the chemical additives in their pet foods. Fortunately, there are currently also many holistic, all-natural foods and products made especially for pets.

Below is a list of some of the hypoallergenic, all-natural foods and products available for dogs and cats:

  • Science Diet makes Nature’s Best, which is their line of all-natural food for dogs and cats. Made with chicken or beef, the food is naturally preserved and contains real garden vegetables and wholesome grains. Science Diet also make a food for cats and dogs with sensitive stomachs or skin. They also make a lamb and rice formula for dogs that may be allergic to or that are sensitive to some of the common additives in other dog foods.
  • Nutro has an all-natural line of pet food and products called Natural Choice for dogs and cats. They also make special food for cats and dogs with sensitive stomachs or skin, and have a lamb and rice formula for dogs that may be allergic or sensitive to some of the common additives in other dog foods.
  • Greenies are all-natural chew treats that contain chlorophyll and other special micro nutrients to help clean teeth, reduce plaque, freshen breathe and add nutrients to your dog’s diet.
  • Health Pro makes an all-natural dog treat called Biscuits and Gravy with apple and oatmeal.
  • Cardinal makes a line of all-natural shampoos for dogs and cats. They have cedar shampoo, which is an herbal and botanical blend.
  • Exclusively Dog makes an all-natural, wheat free, soy based dog cookie.
  • Francodex makes Pet Sedate, which is an all-natural calming supplement for dogs. It has chamomile, ginger, and brewers yeast in it.

Lastly, let us look at a few more useful guidelines that can help with proper feeding as well as optimal pet health and weight maintenance. Some pets control their intake well while others eat anything in sight. To avoid overfeeding your dog or cat (which can lead to obesity and other health problems), it is best to provide food at mealtimes only rather than having a food bowl filled with food available at all times. This way you can easily monitor intake and food will not become stale. Avoid table scraps as well even though it is tempting! Most human foods are of no benefit, if not harmful, to your pet’s health.

Also remember to keep your pet’s age in mind. A puppy or kitten should be on puppy or kitten food for its first year. You can then switch your puppy or kitten to a good maintenance diet until about seven years old. At this age you should switch it to a senior diet. Finally, your pet may sometimes crave other drinks, but water is always the best drink for it. Your pet will drink more water and enjoy it more if is kept fresh.

Socializing Your Puppy

Monday, May 24th, 2010

Golden Retriever PuppyA new puppy coming into a home is exciting for both the owner and the puppy. It is time to get the puppy acquainted with its new home, the family, and the neighborhood. The time period in a puppy’s life between the ages of 3 and 12 weeks (about 3 months old) is the critical socialization period or the learning stage. Until about 12 weeks of age puppies are relatively curious and willing to accept new things in their environment. By 12 to 16 weeks of age, puppies will become wary and suspicious of most new things outside their own home. In fact, most of a dog’s personality is formed from birth to 1 year of age. This is how nature acclimates creatures in the wild.

Hopefully, before you get your new puppy, at 6 or 8 weeks of age, it has already been socialized some. During the first 5 weeks or so of its life a puppy usually gets some socialization with mom, dad, and all of its rowdy brothers and sisters. It should also have had some interaction with a couple of people such as the pet store staff. Because most new owners take their puppies home between 6 and 8 weeks of age, it is important to start socializing your puppy to your home and the neighborhood immediately.

Socialization basically means to get your puppy accustomed to as many different sights and sounds as possible, including people and animals, in both indoor and outdoor environments. Expose the puppy to a variety of positive and pleasant meetings. Of course, do start the puppy out in your own home and backyard first. Get it acquainted with all family members – young and old, and also with any other pets. As soon as you get your puppy settled in to its new home, try to get them socialized at as many outdoor places as possible, including parks, vet clinics, etc.

Although the puppy needs to be socialized as quickly as possible, you should try to take it slow and steady. Do not, for example, thrust the puppy into the arms of every visitor. Though commonly done, you should also avoid having strangers come up and pet your puppy without some prior adjustment. It should always be left to the puppy to make the first contact. If the puppy is not keen on approaching, that is okay. Just give it some time to do its “hide and peek” and eventually it will come out of hiding with most people. Let it proceed at its own speed and comfort. If your puppy is quite hesitant when socializing with people, it will help to bring some treats. Give a treat to the other person and ask that person to offer it to your puppy.

Miniature PinscherYou will also want to socialize your puppy with friendly, not too rowdy children. Teach children to be respectful to the puppy and the puppy to respect the children. If there is a baby in the house, carefully let your puppy smell the baby. This will be the start of the bond between dog and child.

Taking your puppy around animals like your other pets or other neighborhood dogs will help it to not be afraid of other animals. Do be careful when introducing your puppy to other dogs and animals. Read about your dog’s breed traits and use good judgment. For instance, if you know your neighbor’s dog is aggressive, take your puppy to the park instead to socialize. It also helps to let the puppy hear some loud sounds at this age so that it will not be too spooked by thunder, TVs, radios, or the vacuum cleaner.

Be careful not to scare your puppy. Again always give it time to adjust and let it do some “hide and peek”. If it sees someone or some object and shows some hesitancy, just try walking with it past the object or person like it is no big deal. If your puppy growls at an object, person, or animal, do not pick it up and cuddle it. This reaction will be rewarding to your puppy and will teach it that growling – which can lead to aggressive behavior such as dominance and biting – is good. Instead tell him “No”, show it the object and let it know there is nothing to be afraid of. When a puppy is playing with you or a toy and lets out a playful growl which is harmless, learn to distinguish that from a deep, defensive growl.

Remember, although the puppy needs to be socialized as quickly as possible, it should not be forced to socialize with other dogs and people. Slowly but steadily introduce it to the things in your household and outdoors. If you push your puppy to do too much too quickly, it will only become more fearful and defensive. If it helps, you can make a little socialization table or schedule for ideas or for tracking the puppy’s progress. Place a check mark beside the experience that your puppy has had the opportunity to add to its plate. Notice which spaces are blank and take your puppy out!

Although puppy socialization takes time and patience, it is crucial during those early months. Many of the things a puppy learns during this stage will influence the rest of its life. Properly socializing your puppy will ensure that the best traits come out in your new pet, and make everything more fun for both of you. By socializing your puppy as early as possible to friendly people, receptive children, other dogs, and pleasant places, you will give it a pleasant memory bank to rely on later in life. The more exposure and experiences your puppy has during this period, the better equipped it will be to deal with new situations (socially flexible), and it will also have improved emotional stability and trainability. Take advantage of puppyhood, because after this period, socializing your dog will take longer and be more difficult.

Schooling Fish

Monday, May 17th, 2010

Tiger BarbsSchooling fish are some of the most interesting fish to keep. One of the most enjoyable scenes in an aquarium is a group of beautiful and colorful fish swimming in unison, changing directions in an instant, yet never colliding with each other. These fish tend to be very active, energetic, and a lot of fun to watch. Most schooling fish are also very hardy fish that can be kept well in just a 10 to 20 gallon aquarium and will take all sorts of food. And sometimes, a school of fish can even be used to distract aggressive fish from fighting.

The three hardiest and most common schooling fish for the aquarium are barbs, danios, and tetras. Barbs and danios belong to the large Cyprinid family of freshwater tropical fish which also includes all koi, carp, goldfish, and minnows. Tetras belong to the smaller Characin family. Now, let us take a closer look at these fascinating schooling fish.

Tetras

Tetras come in a huge variety of colors and patterns, and two of the most popular ones are the Neon Tetra and the Cardinal Tetra. These two are quite attractive red and blue fish. The red line on the Cardinal runs from the head on back, while in the Neon it starts only in the belly region. These two tetras do need slightly more soft and acidic water, with a pH between 6 and 6.5.

There are also plenty of hardier tetras out there for beginners without special water, and they are often just as beautiful and exciting. These include the distinctive Black or Black Skirt Tetra, the brightly colored Glow Light Tetra, the radiant orange Jewel Tetra, the Flame Tetra, and the red-tailed Pristella Tetra. All of the tetras mentioned stay at a manageable maximum size of about two inches long or less. All tetras are best kept in groups of six or more of the same species.

Barbs

There are many kinds of barbs to choose from as well, with the most popular ones being Cherry Barbs and Tiger Barbs. Small and manageable (stays under two inches long), with a beautiful orange-red to cherry-red coloration, Cherry Barbs are terrific beginner fish that are peaceful, long-lived and school well. They are best kept in small schools of either three or four.

The Tiger Barb is a very beautiful and colorful barb that usually has four blue-black bands running across the body, with bright red-orange fins. The rest of the body is a brown-orange color and the back is almost like an olive green. The scales when viewed under the right light have an iridescent gold or brass look to them. The males are usually slimmer and more colorful than the females. Tiger Barbs are also extremely playful and curious fish. The only drawback is that Tiger Barbs are known to nip the fins of long-finned fish such as Angelfish or fancy Bettas. This problem can be alleviated by keeping them in schools of at least six of the same species.

Danios

Like the other schooling fish mentioned above, danios are also very energetic and fast fish that are a lot of fun to watch. In the meantime, they are very peaceful and non-aggressive fish that have almost zero reputation for bothering any other fish in a community tank. Most danios are also quite hardy and easy to keep, great for beginners. They will do great in groups of five or six.

Some of the most popular danios are the Giant Danio and Zebra Danio. The Giant Danio can grow up to four inches long and is a very hardy fish. The bottom of its body is a bluish gray, while their fins are transparent with just a hint of yellow. The most striking color comes from the yellow and blue stripes and markings that cover the Giant Danio’s sides.

The Zebra Danio has been called one of the “bread and butter” fish because of its ease of keeping, continued popularity, and its favorable price and availability. The males have gold stripes and blue-black stripes and females tend to have silver stripes in place of the gold ones. Zebra Danios grow up to about two or three inches long. They are slightly less hardy than most other tropical fish in terms of temperatures, doing best at a lower temperature of 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit.

As for food, barbs, danios, and tetras are largely omnivorous (eating both animal and vegetable foods) and will eat just about anything. They will eat dried, commercial flake food or freeze dried foods, but should also occasionally be treated to live foods such as blood worms, brine shrimp, and mosquito larvae. The best temperature for most tropical fish, including most schooling fish (unless otherwise stated) in this article, is around 75 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, and the pH range should be between 6 and 8.

Most barbs, danios, and tetras do not pose a problem when mixed together, including males. They may sometimes break out of schools and chase each other, but usually they do not cause any trouble or injury as they are simply enjoying life and having fun. And although a few schooling fish such as the Tiger Barb may nip the fins of some long-finned fish, as long as they are kept in a school of five or six of their own species, they will cause no trouble.

One thing to avoid with schooling fish is adding a new member to the school. Any school of fish will establish a pecking order in the aquarium. When you add a new member of this species, then entire school order is disrupted. The established members of the school are healthy, familiar with each other, and adapted to life in your aquarium. The newly introduced member of the school has not had the opportunity to settle into your aquarium and is stressed from the move. The easy solution to this problem is to simply add all of the members of a school to the aquarium on the same day.

All in all, schooling fish can add spectacular color, beauty, energy, and fun to a community aquarium. If you have not tried schooling fish yet, there is no reason not to. Beautiful, easy-to-keep, and relatively inexpensive, most are ideal for the beginning hobbyist yet exciting enough for the seasoned fish owner. If you have any questions regarding schooling fish and their care, just ask us and we will help you any way we can.